Alzheimer's Disease Biology Begins Long Before Symptoms
The biological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease begin years before cognitive symptoms emerge, creating opportunities to investigate disease biology long before clinical diagnosis.
Understanding this biological continuum, from cognitively unimpaired individuals through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease, is essential to advancing earlier detection, disease prediction, and therapeutic research.
Alzheimer's Disease Through the A/T/N/X Framework
Alzheimer's disease is increasingly understood as a biologically complex disorder influenced by multiple interconnected pathological processes. The A/T/N/X framework provides a useful model for understanding these different dimensions of disease biology.
Growing evidence suggests that circRNAs reflect biological changes across the A/T/N/X spectrum, including amyloid and tau pathology, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Emerging data also suggest these changes may occur early in the disease continuum, supporting investigation of preclinical and early-stage disease biology
